{"id":16991,"date":"2020-09-28T13:53:45","date_gmt":"2020-09-28T12:53:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hawkins.biz\/?post_type=insight&p=16991"},"modified":"2025-07-31T15:58:16","modified_gmt":"2025-07-31T14:58:16","slug":"cycling-helmet-safety","status":"publish","type":"insight","link":"https:\/\/www.hawkins.biz\/insight\/cycling-helmet-safety\/","title":{"rendered":"Wearing a Helmet When Cycling Might Just Save Your Life"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

One might think that in today\u2019s Health and Safety conscious society there would be universal support for the wearing of cycle helmets.\u00a0 However, amongst the cycling community, opinion remains sharply divided on the issue of making helmet use mandatory.\u00a0 Advocates for the wearing of cycle helmets have rider safety as their primary concern, but critics claim that making helmet use compulsory will discourage people from cycling, meaning that those who choose not to would miss out on the health benefits that regular cycling can offer.<\/p>

Hawkins\u2019 Road Traffic Collision Investigation Team takes a look at the safety benefits that a good quality cycle helmet can offer to those who are unfortunate enough to be involved in either a collision, or even a simple fall from their bicycle.\u00a0 She also looks at how the mechanics of the accident can be analysed to assist a medical expert in determining the extent to which a cycle helmet might have reduced any head injuries sustained by the cyclist.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\"\"\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

A critical factor in collisions involving cyclists is that the presence of the bicycle between their legs affects the way the cyclist falls, compared to the way a pedestrian would fall.\u00a0 A cyclist\u2019s inability to adjust their feet means that their head is considerably more likely than the head of a falling pedestrian to strike either the ground or other surrounding objects; a cyclist\u2019s head impact speed is also likely to be higher as a result of the manner in which they topple from, or are thrown over the handlebars of, their bicycle.\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

Research carried out at by Bourdet et al<\/i>. (\u201cHead impact conditions in the case of cyclist falls<\/i>\u201d by N. Bourdet, C. Deck, R. Carreira and R. Willinger, published by The Institution of Mechanical Engineers in 2012) studied this effect along with other issues affecting cyclists. \u00a0The authors analysed cyclist falls using over 1000 computer simulations to determine the locations and speeds of head impacts with the road surface for cyclists who have either fallen sideways from their bicycles or fallen forwards after colliding with a kerb.\u00a0 The results of this research can be used to estimate the likely head impact speeds for comparable real world incidents, which can then be used to determine the risk of skull fracture and the effect that wearing a cycle helmet might have had for any given accident.<\/p>

All cycle helmets sold within the United Kingdom must meet the requirements of British and European Standard BS\u00a0EN 1078:2012 \u201cHelmets for pedal cyclists and for users of skateboards and roller skates<\/i>\u201d, which requires that \u201cThe helmet shall give protection to the forehead, rear, sides, temples and crown of the head<\/i>\u201d. \u00a0<\/p>

Two principal impact tests are defined in the Standard.\u00a0 The first involves an instrumented dummy head\u2011form wearing a helmet being dropped onto a flat anvil to simulate the helmeted head striking the road and the other replaces the flat anvil with a kerbstone anvil to simulate the helmeted head striking a kerb.\u00a0 The tests simply require the peak acceleration of the head\u2011form in each case to be limited (by the helmet) to 250 g [where g is the acceleration due to gravity, 9.81 m\/s2<\/sup>] for a head velocity of 5.42\u00a0m\/s on a flat anvil and 4.57 m\/s on a kerbstone anvil.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

Studies published at the time that the Standards were being prepared suggested that peak linear accelerations of 250 g and above bore a significant risk of skull fracture, which is presumably the reason this figure was selected by the authors of the Standard as an upper limit for helmet approval under the Standard.\u00a0 However, whilst the peak linear acceleration experienced by the head during an impact almost certainly has an influence on the severity of head injury, current engineering and medical research supports other measures that are not assessed by the Standard, and which are probably better indicators of injury risk–meaning that the premise on which the Standard is based is somewhat outdated.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

\n\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\"Xray\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

The normal component of the cyclist\u2019s head impact speed, on its own, can be considered to be a linear impact, which is the type of impact covered by BS EN 1078.\u00a0 However, the tangential component of the head impact speed is not addressed in the test specifications.\u00a0 Importantly, the tangential component of the head impact speed results in forces that cause rotational acceleration of the head.\u00a0 The two components combined are commonly described as an oblique impact<\/i>.<\/p>

In order to determine the full effectiveness of cycle helmets, oblique impact tests need to be carried out, and a direct comparison must also be made between the effects on dummy head-forms both with and without helmets.\u00a0 Research carried out by McIntosh et al.<\/i> (\u201cBicycle Helmets: Head Impact Dynamics in Helmeted and Unhelmeted Oblique Impact Tests<\/i>\u201d by A. McIntosh, A. Lai and E. Schilter, published in the Traffic Injury Prevention journal in 2013) involved dropping a dummy head onto a striker plate that was moving in a direction perpendicular to the direction of the dummy head\u2019s travel, thus creating (in a controlled way) the two perpendicular components of impact force.\u00a0 Most of the tests were carried out both with and without a helmet, although unhelmeted tests were stopped at a 1\u00a0metre drop height for a 15 km\/h striker plate speed, or at a 0.5 metre drop height for a 25 km\/h striker plate speed, \u201cbecause head\u2011form loads were very high<\/i>\u201d.\u00a0 However, the testing continued at both higher drop heights and faster speeds for helmeted dummy heads, presumably without fear of breaking the dummy head, which in itself is an indication of the effectiveness of helmets (particularly on human heads which most would consider infinitely more valuable than a dummy head).<\/p>

The maximum linear acceleration at the centre of mass of the dummy head (MAcc<\/sub>) and the head injury criterion (HIC15<\/sub>), as determined during the tests, can be used to determine the likelihood of a skull or brain injury.\u00a0 The HIC15<\/sub> is not a direct measure of any physical quantity, but a calculated value, which can be used to compare the likelihood of head injuries occurring, based on statistical analyses. \u00a0The\u00a0test\u00a0results can be used for comparison purposes to determine the likely differences in linear and rotational acceleration between a head impact both with and without a helmet.\u00a0 The wearing of a helmet was found to lead to an 80% reduction in HIC15<\/sub> values and a 73% reduction in MAcc<\/sub> during temporal impacts (i.e. impacts to the side of the head) at the highest impact speeds for which tests without helmets were carried out; similar results were also obtained for occipital impacts (i.e. impacts to the rear of the head).<\/p>

Published research indicates that that a value for HIC15<\/sub> greater than 600 and MAcc<\/sub> greater than 160 g represents a 25 to 30% risk of serious (AIS 3) or severe (AIS 4) skull or brain injury (AIS is the Abbreviated Injury Scale, which is commonly used to classify the severity of injuries). \u00a0These values can be used in conjunction with a reconstruction analysis of real-world accidents to determine the likely severity of injury for both helmeted and unhelmeted cyclists involved in any given incident.\u00a0 In other words, it can be used to determine if the outcome would have been different had the cyclist been wearing a helmet.\u00a0 The answer to which is almost invariably \u201cYES\u201d.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\"\"\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\"\"\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

If the speed of the head impact sustained by a cyclist in a real-world accident is similar to those used in the tests, the extent of the reduction in HIC15<\/sub> and MAcc<\/sub> for a helmeted cyclist, relative to an unhelmeted cyclist, would almost certainly be similar to the results achieved during those tests.\u00a0<\/p>

If the head impact speed in a real-world accident is greater than those used in the tests, the extent of the reduction in HIC15<\/sub> and MAcc<\/sub> might still be similar to those achieved during the tests, although it might be lower.\u00a0 This is because there is a limit to the amount of energy any impact attenuating material can absorb before it \u201cbottoms out<\/em>\u201d, i.e. becomes fully compressed.\u00a0 As such, it is not possible to be certain that any helmet sold for use in the United Kingdom would be as effective at higher speeds as it would be for lower speeds.\u00a0 However, in a real-world accident, even if the head impact speed is high enough to cause the impact attenuating material to \u201cbottom out<\/em>\u201d, there would still be a significant reduction in head acceleration and the protective padding of the helmet, being softer than the road surface, would spread the impact force over a larger area than would have been the case without a helmet.\u00a0 This is because the rounded surface of a head, when colliding with a flat, rigid surface, will experience that force over a very small area, resulting in a higher pressure and greater risk of fracture.\u00a0 A softer material (such as the lining of a helmet) exerting the same force (and deceleration) on the head will deform around the surface of the skull, thereby spreading the force over a larger area, resulting in a lower pressure and lower risk of fracture.\u00a0 For example, published research on this effect indicates that a 50% risk of skull fracture was achieved at a HIC15<\/sub> value of 500 for a head impact with a hard surface (such as a road).\u00a0 For a head impact with a softer surface (though still a surface harder than the protective padding in a helmet), a 50% risk of skull fracture occurred with a much higher HIC15<\/sub> value of 1240, demonstrating a significant reduction in skull fracture risk for a helmeted cyclist in any accident scenario.<\/p>

It is not possible to state categorically that an impact at a certain speed will lead to a particular outcome – only that an impact at such a speed is statistically likely to lead to that outcome.\u00a0 The application of impact mechanics to the question of the protection that might have been offered by a helmet is based upon the assumption of a \u2018statistically average\u2019 response, but no case is \u2018statistically average\u2019 in every respect.\u00a0 Nevertheless, the information can be of considerable assistance to a medical expert in determining the likely effect that a helmet will have had in any given accident.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

In summary, the overwhelming weight of scientific evidence is that cycle helmets save lives and reduce the risk of a cyclist receiving catastrophic life-changing brain injuries during an accident.\u00a0 Careful analysis of the specific circumstances of any accident can also provide sufficient information to enable a medical expert to determine whether or not the wearing of a helmet would have resulted in a different outcome.\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

\n\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\"\"\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

One might think that in today\u2019s Health and Safety conscious society there would be universal support for the wearing of cycle helmets. However, amongst the cycling community, opinion remains sharply divided on the issue of making helmet use mandatory. Advocates for the wearing of cycle helmets have rider safety as their primary concern, but critics claim that making helmet use compulsory will discourage people from cycling, meaning that those who choose not to would miss out on the health benefits that regular cycling can offer.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":16992,"parent":0,"template":"","insight_category":[],"experties":[70],"class_list":["post-16991","insight","type-insight","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","experties-road-traffic-collisions"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nCycling Safety: The Life-Saving Role of Helmets<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Learn how wearing a helmet while cycling can prevent serious head injuries and save lives, supported by forensic case studies.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.hawkins.biz\/insight\/cycling-helmet-safety\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Cycling Safety: The Life-Saving Role of Helmets\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Learn how wearing a helmet while cycling can prevent serious head injuries and save lives, supported by forensic case studies.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.hawkins.biz\/insight\/cycling-helmet-safety\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Hawkins Forensic Investigation\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-07-31T14:58:16+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.hawkins.biz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/MAIN-IMAGE-AdobeStock_278538790_830x630.jpeg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"829\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"630\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Estimated reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"10 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.hawkins.biz\/insight\/cycling-helmet-safety\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.hawkins.biz\/insight\/cycling-helmet-safety\/\",\"name\":\"Cycling Safety: The Life-Saving Role of Helmets\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.hawkins.biz\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.hawkins.biz\/insight\/cycling-helmet-safety\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.hawkins.biz\/insight\/cycling-helmet-safety\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.hawkins.biz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/MAIN-IMAGE-AdobeStock_278538790_830x630.jpeg\",\"datePublished\":\"2020-09-28T12:53:45+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-07-31T14:58:16+00:00\",\"description\":\"Learn how wearing a helmet while cycling can prevent serious head injuries and save lives, supported by forensic case studies.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.hawkins.biz\/insight\/cycling-helmet-safety\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-GB\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.hawkins.biz\/insight\/cycling-helmet-safety\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-GB\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.hawkins.biz\/insight\/cycling-helmet-safety\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.hawkins.biz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/MAIN-IMAGE-AdobeStock_278538790_830x630.jpeg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.hawkins.biz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/MAIN-IMAGE-AdobeStock_278538790_830x630.jpeg\",\"width\":829,\"height\":630,\"caption\":\"Scene of a road accident with injured cyclist lying on the pedestrian crossing near the broken bicycle and car\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.hawkins.biz\/insight\/cycling-helmet-safety\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/www.hawkins.biz\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Insights\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/www.hawkins.biz\/insight\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"Wearing a Helmet When Cycling Might Just Save Your Life\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.hawkins.biz\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.hawkins.biz\/\",\"name\":\"Hawkins Forensic Investigation\",\"description\":\"Specialising in Forensic Investigation\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.hawkins.biz\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/www.hawkins.biz\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-GB\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.hawkins.biz\/#organization\",\"name\":\"Hawkins and Associates\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.hawkins.biz\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-GB\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.hawkins.biz\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.hawkins.biz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/logo_svg.svg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.hawkins.biz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/logo_svg.svg\",\"width\":164,\"height\":61,\"caption\":\"Hawkins and Associates\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.hawkins.biz\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/hawkins-and-associates-limited\/\"]}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Cycling Safety: The Life-Saving Role of Helmets","description":"Learn how wearing a helmet while cycling can prevent serious head injuries and save lives, supported by forensic case studies.","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/www.hawkins.biz\/insight\/cycling-helmet-safety\/","og_locale":"en_GB","og_type":"article","og_title":"Cycling Safety: The Life-Saving Role of Helmets","og_description":"Learn how wearing a helmet while cycling can prevent serious head injuries and save lives, supported by forensic case studies.","og_url":"https:\/\/www.hawkins.biz\/insight\/cycling-helmet-safety\/","og_site_name":"Hawkins Forensic Investigation","article_modified_time":"2025-07-31T14:58:16+00:00","og_image":[{"width":829,"height":630,"url":"https:\/\/www.hawkins.biz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/MAIN-IMAGE-AdobeStock_278538790_830x630.jpeg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Estimated reading time":"10 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.hawkins.biz\/insight\/cycling-helmet-safety\/","url":"https:\/\/www.hawkins.biz\/insight\/cycling-helmet-safety\/","name":"Cycling Safety: The Life-Saving Role of Helmets","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.hawkins.biz\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.hawkins.biz\/insight\/cycling-helmet-safety\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.hawkins.biz\/insight\/cycling-helmet-safety\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.hawkins.biz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/MAIN-IMAGE-AdobeStock_278538790_830x630.jpeg","datePublished":"2020-09-28T12:53:45+00:00","dateModified":"2025-07-31T14:58:16+00:00","description":"Learn how wearing a helmet while cycling can prevent serious head injuries and save lives, supported by forensic case studies.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.hawkins.biz\/insight\/cycling-helmet-safety\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-GB","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/www.hawkins.biz\/insight\/cycling-helmet-safety\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-GB","@id":"https:\/\/www.hawkins.biz\/insight\/cycling-helmet-safety\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/www.hawkins.biz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/MAIN-IMAGE-AdobeStock_278538790_830x630.jpeg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.hawkins.biz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/MAIN-IMAGE-AdobeStock_278538790_830x630.jpeg","width":829,"height":630,"caption":"Scene of a road accident with injured cyclist lying on the pedestrian crossing near the broken bicycle and car"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/www.hawkins.biz\/insight\/cycling-helmet-safety\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/www.hawkins.biz\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Insights","item":"https:\/\/www.hawkins.biz\/insight\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":3,"name":"Wearing a Helmet When Cycling Might Just Save Your Life"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/www.hawkins.biz\/#website","url":"https:\/\/www.hawkins.biz\/","name":"Hawkins Forensic Investigation","description":"Specialising in Forensic Investigation","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.hawkins.biz\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/www.hawkins.biz\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-GB"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/www.hawkins.biz\/#organization","name":"Hawkins and Associates","url":"https:\/\/www.hawkins.biz\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-GB","@id":"https:\/\/www.hawkins.biz\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/www.hawkins.biz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/logo_svg.svg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.hawkins.biz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/logo_svg.svg","width":164,"height":61,"caption":"Hawkins and Associates"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.hawkins.biz\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/hawkins-and-associates-limited\/"]}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hawkins.biz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/insight\/16991","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hawkins.biz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/insight"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hawkins.biz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/insight"}],"version-history":[{"count":17,"href":"https:\/\/www.hawkins.biz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/insight\/16991\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":40634,"href":"https:\/\/www.hawkins.biz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/insight\/16991\/revisions\/40634"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hawkins.biz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/16992"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hawkins.biz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=16991"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"insight_category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hawkins.biz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/insight_category?post=16991"},{"taxonomy":"experties","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hawkins.biz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/experties?post=16991"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}