{"id":19190,"date":"2023-02-28T17:21:15","date_gmt":"2023-02-28T17:21:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hawkins.biz\/?post_type=insight&#038;p=19190"},"modified":"2025-07-30T12:38:59","modified_gmt":"2025-07-30T11:38:59","slug":"weld-behavior-in-steel-structures","status":"publish","type":"insight","link":"https:\/\/www.hawkins.biz\/insight\/weld-behavior-in-steel-structures\/","title":{"rendered":"Time-Dependent Behaviour Of Welds In Steel Connection As Subjected To Fire Temperatures"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"19190\" class=\"elementor elementor-19190\" data-elementor-post-type=\"insight\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"has_eae_slider elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-190f80d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-eae-slider=\"12946\" data-id=\"190f80d\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"has_eae_slider elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c9ffe0b\" data-eae-slider=\"68281\" data-id=\"c9ffe0b\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-88f27d4 elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"88f27d4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span class=\"TrackChangeTextInsertion TrackedChange SCXW123983641 BCX8\"><span class=\"TextRun SCXW123983641 BCX8\" lang=\"EN-GB\" xml:lang=\"EN-GB\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW123983641 BCX8\">This article summarises an integral part (Chapter III) of the authors\u2019 PhD study that emphasises the importance of time or loading rate effects on the behaviour of welds and welded connection when exposed to fire.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Weld is a metal joining material that is commonly used in steel connections and can affect their governing failure modes during fire events. Despite the importance of welds, very limited studies have been conducted to examine the time-dependent or creep behaviour of welds and welded connections when subjected to elevated temperatures. <\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">To <\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">address<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> this issue<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">, two experimental programs were conducted to examine the implicit and explicit time-dependent thermal creep behaviour of weld material in transverse welded lap joints. <\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559738&quot;:120,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">To investigate the implicit creep behaviour of transverse welded lap joints in fire, two different loading rate scenarios (fast and slow) were used. Peak load capacities for the weld material under both fast and slow loading rates were computed for all temperatures. <\/span><\/p><p>To investigate the explicit creep behaviour, the transverse welded lap joints were subjected to a constant load at a specific temperature for 120 min or until failure. Critical times, loads, and temperatures at which weld material fails due to creep were examined.<\/p><p><span class=\"TrackChangeTextInsertion TrackedChange TrackChangeHoverSelectColorRed SCXW127560793 BCX8\"><span class=\"TextRun SCXW127560793 BCX8\" lang=\"EN-GB\" xml:lang=\"EN-GB\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun TrackChangeHoverSelectHighlightRed SCXW127560793 BCX8\">The experimental results showed that the creep of weld material under implicit and explicit mode<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"TrackChangeTextInsertion TrackedChange TrackChangeHoverSelectColorRed SCXW127560793 BCX8\"><span class=\"TextRun SCXW127560793 BCX8\" lang=\"EN-GB\" xml:lang=\"EN-GB\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun TrackChangeHoverSelectHighlightRed SCXW127560793 BCX8\">l<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"TrackChangeTextInsertion TrackedChange TrackChangeHoverSelectColorRed SCXW127560793 BCX8\"><span class=\"TextRun SCXW127560793 BCX8\" lang=\"EN-GB\" xml:lang=\"EN-GB\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun TrackChangeHoverSelectHighlightRed SCXW127560793 BCX8\">ling approaches has a large impact on the welded connections for temperatures greater than 450<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"TrackChangeTextInsertion TrackedChange TrackChangeHoverSelectColorRed SCXW127560793 BCX8\"><span class=\"TextRun SCXW127560793 BCX8\" lang=\"EN-GB\" xml:lang=\"EN-GB\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun TrackChangeHoverSelectHighlightRed SCXW127560793 BCX8\">\u00b0<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"TrackChangeTextInsertion TrackedChange TrackChangeHoverSelectColorRed SCXW127560793 BCX8\"><span class=\"TextRun SCXW127560793 BCX8\" lang=\"EN-GB\" xml:lang=\"EN-GB\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun TrackChangeHoverSelectHighlightRed SCXW127560793 BCX8\">C and becomes more prominent for larger elevated temperatures.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><p>Read the full article: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hawkins.biz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Revised-format-2-AEG-final.pdf\">Time-dependent Behaviour of Welds in Steel Structures Subjected to Fire Temperatures<\/a><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><h4><span style=\"color: #0a527a;\">ABOUT THE AUTHOR<\/span><\/h4><p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.hawkins.biz\/experts\/ahmad-el-ghor\/\">Ahmad<\/a> is an Associate member of the American Society of Civil Engineering (A.M. ASCE) and has been published in a number of highly ranked journal and peer-reviewed conference publications such as: <i>Journal of Constructional Steel Research (<\/i>Elsevier),\u00a0<i>Journal of Structural Engineering<\/i>\u00a0(ASCE),\u00a0<i>Journal of Material in Civil Engineering<\/i>\u00a0(ASCE),\u00a0<i>Journal of Structural Fire Engineering<\/i>\u00a0(Emerald),\u00a0<i>Fire Safety Journal<\/i>\u00a0(Elsevier), and\u00a0<i>Fire Technology<\/i>\u00a0(Springer). Ahmad\u2019s work has been also presented in prestigious conferences in the United States, such as:\u00a0<i>Structures in Fire<\/i>\u00a0(SiF),\u00a0<i>Structure Congress<\/i>\u00a0(ASCE), and\u00a0<i>EMI<\/i>\u00a0(ASCE).<\/p><p>Ahmad is an Associate in the Hawkins <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hawkins.biz\/expertise\/built-environment\/\">Built Environment<\/a> team.\u00a0 Hawkins can investigate the cause of a failure or collapse of a structure during and after a fire. We also provide post-fire analysis for any structure to check its integrity and provide detailed reports for repairing purposes. Our team can provide visual inspection, displacement measurements, test sampling, laboratory testing and examination, and Finite Element Analysis.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>This article emphasises the importance of time or loading rate effects on the behaviour of welds and welded connection when exposed to fire.\u00a0<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":19191,"parent":0,"template":"","insight_category":[],"experties":[62,66,68],"class_list":["post-19190","insight","type-insight","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","experties-built-environment","experties-fire-explosions","experties-materials-chemistry-biology"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v25.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Welds in Steel Structures: Time-Dependent Behaviour<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Learn how welds in steel structures behave over time and how forensic analysis helps assess structural integrity and failure risks.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.hawkins.biz\/insight\/weld-behavior-in-steel-structures\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Welds in Steel Structures: Time-Dependent Behaviour\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Learn how welds in steel structures behave over time and how forensic analysis helps assess structural integrity and failure risks.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.hawkins.biz\/insight\/weld-behavior-in-steel-structures\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Hawkins Forensic Investigation\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-07-30T11:38:59+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.hawkins.biz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/Synop-1.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"440\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"330\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Estimated reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"2 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.hawkins.biz\/insight\/weld-behavior-in-steel-structures\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.hawkins.biz\/insight\/weld-behavior-in-steel-structures\/\",\"name\":\"Welds in Steel Structures: Time-Dependent Behaviour\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.hawkins.biz\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.hawkins.biz\/insight\/weld-behavior-in-steel-structures\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.hawkins.biz\/insight\/weld-behavior-in-steel-structures\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.hawkins.biz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/Synop-1.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2023-02-28T17:21:15+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-07-30T11:38:59+00:00\",\"description\":\"Learn how welds in steel structures behave over time and how forensic analysis helps assess structural integrity and failure risks.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.hawkins.biz\/insight\/weld-behavior-in-steel-structures\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-GB\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.hawkins.biz\/insight\/weld-behavior-in-steel-structures\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-GB\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.hawkins.biz\/insight\/weld-behavior-in-steel-structures\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.hawkins.biz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/Synop-1.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.hawkins.biz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/Synop-1.jpg\",\"width\":440,\"height\":330},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.hawkins.biz\/insight\/weld-behavior-in-steel-structures\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/www.hawkins.biz\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Insights\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/www.hawkins.biz\/insight\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"Time-Dependent Behaviour Of Welds In Steel Connection As Subjected To Fire Temperatures\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.hawkins.biz\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.hawkins.biz\/\",\"name\":\"Hawkins Forensic Investigation\",\"description\":\"Specialising in Forensic Investigation\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.hawkins.biz\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/www.hawkins.biz\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-GB\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.hawkins.biz\/#organization\",\"name\":\"Hawkins and Associates\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.hawkins.biz\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-GB\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.hawkins.biz\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.hawkins.biz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/logo_svg.svg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.hawkins.biz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/logo_svg.svg\",\"width\":164,\"height\":61,\"caption\":\"Hawkins and Associates\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.hawkins.biz\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/hawkins-and-associates-limited\/\"]}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Welds in Steel Structures: Time-Dependent Behaviour","description":"Learn how welds in steel structures behave over time and how forensic analysis helps assess structural integrity and failure risks.","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/www.hawkins.biz\/insight\/weld-behavior-in-steel-structures\/","og_locale":"en_GB","og_type":"article","og_title":"Welds in Steel Structures: Time-Dependent Behaviour","og_description":"Learn how welds in steel structures behave over time and how forensic analysis helps assess structural integrity and failure risks.","og_url":"https:\/\/www.hawkins.biz\/insight\/weld-behavior-in-steel-structures\/","og_site_name":"Hawkins Forensic Investigation","article_modified_time":"2025-07-30T11:38:59+00:00","og_image":[{"width":440,"height":330,"url":"https:\/\/www.hawkins.biz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/Synop-1.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Estimated reading time":"2 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.hawkins.biz\/insight\/weld-behavior-in-steel-structures\/","url":"https:\/\/www.hawkins.biz\/insight\/weld-behavior-in-steel-structures\/","name":"Welds in Steel Structures: Time-Dependent Behaviour","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.hawkins.biz\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.hawkins.biz\/insight\/weld-behavior-in-steel-structures\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.hawkins.biz\/insight\/weld-behavior-in-steel-structures\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.hawkins.biz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/Synop-1.jpg","datePublished":"2023-02-28T17:21:15+00:00","dateModified":"2025-07-30T11:38:59+00:00","description":"Learn how welds in steel structures behave over time and how forensic analysis helps assess structural integrity and failure risks.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.hawkins.biz\/insight\/weld-behavior-in-steel-structures\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-GB","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/www.hawkins.biz\/insight\/weld-behavior-in-steel-structures\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-GB","@id":"https:\/\/www.hawkins.biz\/insight\/weld-behavior-in-steel-structures\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/www.hawkins.biz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/Synop-1.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.hawkins.biz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/Synop-1.jpg","width":440,"height":330},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/www.hawkins.biz\/insight\/weld-behavior-in-steel-structures\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/www.hawkins.biz\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Insights","item":"https:\/\/www.hawkins.biz\/insight\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":3,"name":"Time-Dependent Behaviour Of Welds In Steel Connection As Subjected To Fire Temperatures"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/www.hawkins.biz\/#website","url":"https:\/\/www.hawkins.biz\/","name":"Hawkins Forensic Investigation","description":"Specialising in Forensic Investigation","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.hawkins.biz\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/www.hawkins.biz\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-GB"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/www.hawkins.biz\/#organization","name":"Hawkins and Associates","url":"https:\/\/www.hawkins.biz\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-GB","@id":"https:\/\/www.hawkins.biz\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/www.hawkins.biz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/logo_svg.svg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.hawkins.biz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/logo_svg.svg","width":164,"height":61,"caption":"Hawkins and Associates"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.hawkins.biz\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/hawkins-and-associates-limited\/"]}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hawkins.biz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/insight\/19190","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hawkins.biz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/insight"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hawkins.biz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/insight"}],"version-history":[{"count":85,"href":"https:\/\/www.hawkins.biz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/insight\/19190\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":19664,"href":"https:\/\/www.hawkins.biz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/insight\/19190\/revisions\/19664"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hawkins.biz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/19191"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hawkins.biz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=19190"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"insight_category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hawkins.biz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/insight_category?post=19190"},{"taxonomy":"experties","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hawkins.biz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/experties?post=19190"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}